饱水木质文物的变色机理及脱色保护研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.25060018

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (13): 25060018-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25060018

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

饱水木质文物的变色机理及脱色保护研究进展

王红^1,2, 汪嘉君^2,*, 张治国², 殷亚方¹, 郭娟^1,*

1 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京 100091
2 国家文物局考古研究中心,北京 100013

Research Progress on the Discoloration Mechanism and Decolorization Conservation of Waterlogged Wooden Artifacts

WANG Hong^1,2, WANG Jiajun^2,*, ZHANG Zhiguo², YIN Yafang¹, GUO Juan^1,*

1 Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2 National Centre for Archaeology, Beijing 100013, China

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摘要饱水木质文物蕴含着丰富的社会、历史和文化等信息,然而饱水考古木材的变色问题严重制约了木质文物的信息提取、展陈展示与活化利用。本文系统阐述了饱水木质文物的变色机理,包括木材自身降解导致的发色和助色基团变化,以及微生物、沉积物和保护试剂等外源物的影响。其次,归纳总结了当前针对饱水木质文物的氧化、还原及脱盐等脱色保护方法及其研究进展,并比较分析了不同脱色方法中脱色剂的特性及其在实际应用中的优缺点。最后,提出饱水木质文物脱色保护的未来研究方向应聚焦于全面解析饱水木质文物的变色机理、建立系统的变色诊断体系,以及推动脱色保护工作的标准化与规范化,从而为饱水木质文物脱色保护工作提供理论与技术支撑。

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	王红
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	郭娟

关键词: 木质文物变色木质素发色基团助色基团沉积盐脱色处理

Abstract: The waterlogged wooden artifacts carry abundant social, historical and cultural information, yet their discoloration severely affects the extraction of information, exhibition, and utilization. This review systematically elucidates the discoloration mechanisms of waterlogged wooden artifacts, including changes in chromophores and auxochromes induced by the degradation of the wood itself, as well as the influence of extrinsic factors like microorganisms, sediments, and conservation reagents. Furthermore, it summarizes current decolorization treatments for waterlogged wooden artifacts, such as oxidation, reduction, and desalination. A comparative analysis of these decolorization treatments was also conducted, with respect to their advantages and disadvantages in practical applications. Finally, it is proposed that future research on decolorization treatment for waterlogged wooden artifacts should focus on three key aspects: (1) comprehensively clarifying the discoloration mechanisms, (2) establishing a systematic discoloration diagnostic system, and (3) advancing the standardization and normalization of decolorization treatments. These aim to provide both theoretical and technical support for the conservation of discolored waterlogged wooden artifacts.

Key words: discoloration of wooden artifacts lignin chromophores auxochromes deposited salts decolorization treatment

出版日期: 2026-07-10 发布日期: 2026-07-24

ZTFLH:

S781

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(32471796)

通讯作者: ^*汪嘉君,博士,国家文物局考古研究中心副研究馆员。目前从事竹木质文物保护等方面的研究 wangjiajun@caf.ac.cn; 郭娟,博士,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所研究员、博士研究生导师。目前从事木质文物保护、木材构造与利用等方面的研究 guoj@caf.ac.cn

作者简介: 王红,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所硕士研究生,在郭娟研究员的指导下主要研究考古木材的构造与利用。

引用本文:

王红, 汪嘉君, 张治国, 殷亚方, 郭娟. 饱水木质文物的变色机理及脱色保护研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(13): 25060018-10.
WANG Hong, WANG Jiajun, ZHANG Zhiguo, YIN Yafang, GUO Juan. Research Progress on the Discoloration Mechanism and Decolorization Conservation of Waterlogged Wooden Artifacts. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(13): 25060018-10.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25060018 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I13/25060018

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