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Solid Waste and Ecological Materials: Low carbon and ecological pavement materials
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Study on Performances of Asphalt Modified by High Content Waste Tire Rubber Powder
XU Guangji, FAN Jianwei, MA Tao, ZHU Yajing, LI Shuren
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21120239 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21120239
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The waste tire rubber powder made from waste tires can be used to prepare rubber asphalt, which can realize the resource utilization of waste tires in pavement. In this work, asphalt samples modified by waste tire rubber powder with different aromatic oil contents, reaction temperatures and reaction times were prepared. The solubility test was designed and combined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) test to study the correlation between the reaction degree of rubber powder and the storage stability. The change trends of penetration, ductility, softening point, elastic recovery and high temperature viscosity indexes of rubber asphalt in the reaction process were tested, and the index values were compared with those of matrix asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and medium/high content rubber asphalt without aromatic oil, so as to determine the preparation parameters of high content rubber asphalt with aromatic oil. The results show that adding aromatic oil effectively improves the storage stability of 35% rubber asphalt and ensures its workability of construction. Rutting factor ratio is more suitable to evaluate the storage stability of high content rubber asphalt than softening point difference index. The solubility of high content rubber asphalt has an obvious correlation with its storage stability. The addition of aromatic oil has an adverse effect on high and low temperature performances of 35% rubber asphalt, but when the content of aromatic oil is within 5%—7.5%, its high and low temperature performance is still close to SBS modified asphalt. The preparation parameters of high content waste tire rubber asphalt can be determined as follows: the shear speed is 800 r/min, the content of waste tire rubber powder and aromatic oil is 35% and 5%—7.5% of the total mass of rubber asphalt respectively, the reaction temperature is 230 ℃, and the reaction time is 225 min.
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Investigation on the Strength and Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Pervious Concrete Based on the Properties of Cement Paste
LI Hui, YANG Jie, FU Kaimin, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Li, ZHU Yaoting, YU Bo
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21110275 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21110275
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The strength and the freeze-thaw resistance of pervious concrete are key properties for its application in heavy-load traffic roads and cold regions. The workability, the strength and the interfacial adhesion of cement paste as well as the strength and the freeze-thaw resistance of pervious concrete were investigated, and the main factors affecting the performance of pervious concrete were revealed. The results show that the wor-kability of paste and pervious concrete can be evaluated by the maximum paste-aggregate ratio, and good workability of pervious concrete can be obtained when the maximum paste-aggregate ratio is close to the designed paste-aggregate ratio. The adhesive damage occurs whether freeze-thaw tests are performed on the unmodified paste or not. On the contrary, the pull-off strength of the modified paste is 67% to 156% higher than that of the unmodified paste without freeze-thaw tests, with cohesive damage occurring, while it is significantly reduced after freeze-thaw tests,with both cohesive damage and adhesive damage appearing. The compressive strength of the pervious concrete with good workability is 38.2—40.3 MPa, the flexural strength is 3.8—4.3 MPa, and the permeability coefficient is 2.85—2.92 mm/s. The results of the principal component analysis show that the principal factors on the performance of pervious concrete are in order as follows: 44.8% for interfacial properties, mix design of paste and void characteristics, 27.5% for coating properties of paste, and 20.0% for the strength of paste.
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Study on Water and Salt Erosion Damage of Asphalt Mortar-Aggregate Interface
ZHANG Jizhe, WANG Jing, LI Yan, TANG Xiaodan, XU Chenghu, WANG Yefei, SU Jizhuang, ZHANG Guoyang, HE Liang
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22040097 -9. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22040097
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The water and salt erosion of asphalt pavement is one of the main reasons for its performance deterioration and service life attenuation. In order to study the erosion damage law of water and salt in asphalt mixture, taking asphalt mortar and asphalt mortar-aggregate interface as the research objects, this work studied the influence of the physical and chemical properties of filler on the rheological properties and permeability of asphalt mortar and analyzed the attenuation law of interface strength of asphalt mortar-aggregate under different erosion conditions (static immersion and pressure immersion). It is found that the type of filler has little effect on the complex modulus of asphalt mortar, but its pore state and specific surface area have significant effects on the phase angle and permeability of asphalt mortar. Compared with ordinary immersion, salt solution erosion can significantly promote the strength attenuation of asphalt mortar-aggregate interface, and its attenuation rate is comprehensively affected by the physical (pore volume, specific surface area, micro morphology) and chemical (mineral composition, chemical composition) cha-racteristics of aggregate and filler. The effect of water pressure will accelerate the attenuation of asphalt mortar-aggregate interface strength, indicating that the dynamic water pressure generated by driving load will promote the water damage process of asphalt pavement.
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Study on CeO
2
Pillared Montmorillonite Modified Asphalt and Its Catalytic Performance Based on the Emission Reduction of Ecological Pavement
JIN Jiao, LIU Mohan, LIU Shuai, CHEN Bozhen, LIU Xinyu
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22040157 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22040157
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The improvement of pavement durability and functional development are the current research hotspots in the field of road. The CeO
2
pillared montmorillonite (Ce-MMT) composite modifier was prepared by the liquid-phase precipitation method. By analyzing the structural composition and microscopic characterization, it was found that CeO
2
successfully entered the interlayer of montmorillonite to form a pillared structure, and the absorptive ability of the new composite material in the ultraviolet and visible light regions was significantly enhanced. The high and low-tempe-rature performance, anti-aging performance, and catalytic degradation efficiency of modified asphalt with different Ce-MMT content were also studied. The results show that Ce-MMT can effectively improve the high-temperature performance and the anti-aging performance of the asphalt, when the content range of the modifier is 4wt%—6wt%. Besides, the Ce-MMT modified asphalt with a content of 6% can degrade NO up to 50.8% after reacting for 120 min in the simulated automobile exhaust test. This study is based on the enhancement of the capability of functional pavement to actively degrade the residual exhaust gas in the road domain, and aims to promote the new development of green road field.
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Interface Adhesion Enhancement Principle and Pavement Performance Verification of Foamed Asphalt Cold Recycled Mixture
ZHOU Wenyi, YI Junyan, CHEN Zhuo, FENG Decheng
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21110120 -9. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21110120
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Foamed asphalt cold recycled technology is an effective way to regenerate asphalt mixture. To further enhance the interface adhesion of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture, three kinds of amendments were selected to study modification of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture. Interface adhesion enhancement principle analysis and performance verification of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture were conducted from the point of microscopic molecular and macroscopic performance. Firstly, zinc oxide, coupling agent and anti-stripping agent were selected as amendments for foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture. Secondly, diffusion behavior and shear stress were calculated for foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture and other three modified foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture to analyze the interface adhesion enhancement principle. Finally, the macroscopic performances of the modified foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture were verified. The results show that the coupling agent has an excellent enhancement effect on foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture. The fatigue performance, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and splitting strength of the coupling agent modified foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture are improved effectively. What's more, the diffusion ability and shear stress are fantastic. The enhancement effect of the anti-stripping agent is medium. Though the shear stress of the anti-stripping agent modified foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture at high temperature is higher than that of the coupling agent, its diffusion ability is worse. From the perspective of energy variation, the enhancement effect of zinc oxide is the best, but the overall modification effect of zinc oxide is relatively general.
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Evaluation of Crack Resistance for High Viscosity SBS Modified Emulsified Asphalt Cold In-place Recycling Mixture
YU Jiangmiao, MA Yuanyue, ZHANG Yuan, YU Huayang, ZOU Guilian
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22040412 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22040412
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Cold in-place recycling technology of emulsified asphalt is an ideal technical scheme to significantly reduce carbon emission in the process of road maintenance. According to the technical requirements and challeges of in-situ cold regeneration, this work realizes the 100% utilization of RAP and controls the amount of the emulsified asphalt with the best oil film thickness. Aiming at the common fatigue cracking and low-temperature cracking diseases of cold recycled pavement, low-temperature bending test, impact toughness test, semicircular bending test and four-point bending fatigue test were selected to test, analyze and compare the crack resistance of cold recycled mixture of the high viscosity SBS modified emulsified asphalt and the conventional SBS modified emulsified asphalt. The performance of each test result is consistent. In contrast to the conventional SBS modified emulsified asphalt, the cold recycled mixture of the high viscosity SBS modified emulsified asphalt shows better toughness and cracking resistance.
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Regulation Efficiency and Mechanism of Curing-Demulsification Rate of Waterborne Epoxy Emulsified Asphalt
HUI Bing, LI Yang, ZHANG Yandi, YANG Xinyi
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22050008 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22050008
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In order to study the curing-demulsification time of waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt and the bonding performance of cured products, the curing rate of waterborne epoxy was adjusted by adding accelerators at the test temperature of 10 ℃, 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the curing time of waterborne epoxy and the complete demulsification time of the emulsified asphalt were measured by pullng test respectively to study the effects of temperature, accelerator dosage, curing-demulsification time difference on the bonding strength of waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt. In addition, the infrared absorption properties of the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt with accelerator were also analyzed. The results show that the curing time of waterborne epoxy resin and the emulsified asphalt is significantly affected by temperature. The curing-demulsification time diffe-rence of the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt is 48 h, 8 h and 6 h at 10 ℃, 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, respectively, and the addition of accelerator can shorten the time difference by 42 h, 10 h and 8 h respectively, to realize the curing-demulsification rate control of the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt; the curing-demulsification time of waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt is 36 h, 2.5 h and 2 h at each temperature. The curing-demulsification time difference of the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt at above temperatures to reach the maximum curing strength is 36 h, 2.5 h and 2 h respectively. No new infrared characteristic peak was produced when the accelerator was added into the waterborne epoxy resin and the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt. Compared with the waterborne epoxy resin without accelerator, its curing degree is higher after the same curing time, indicating that accelerator can effectively accelerate the epoxy resin curing reaction. The study provides a reference for material optimization and construction control of the waterborne epoxy emulsified asphalt.
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Material Composition Volatility and Control Strategy for Hot In-place Recycling Asphalt Mixture
YAO Yuquan, YANG Jiangang, GAO Jie, HE Liang, XU Jing
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22030098 -10. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22030098
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The material composition volatility of hot in-place recycling asphalt mixture (HIRAM) has an important impact on the construction quality and durability of asphalt pavement during the construction process. To control the material composition volatility of HIRAM, in this work, the material composition control strategy for the design stage of HIRAM was proposed. To this end, the HIRAM material composition categories were analyzed, the relational model between the different materials was established, and a strategy for dividing the construction unit of the hot in-place recycling maintenance section was proposed by considering the perspective of refinement control. In addition, according to the relational model between recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material composition and the amount of hot mix asphalt (HMA), the HIRAM material composition volatility control strategy was proposed by using Fréchet similarity and K-Means clustering theory from the aspect of controlling the volatility of HIRAM material composition. Furthermore, the feasibility of the control strategy was demonstrated in the project of the Dechang Expressway in Jiangxi Pro-vince. The results show that the HIRAM material composition control strategy can effectively control the volatility to meet the design and/or specification requirements when RAP material composition and HMA ratio are significantly different. Meanwhile, the results of the study can provide a new way to control the HIRAM material composition and ensure the construction quality during the hot in-place recycling construction process.
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Characterization of Air Voids in Cold Recycled Mixtures with Emulsified Asphalt Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles
YANG Yanhai, WANG Hanbin, YANG Ye
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21110128 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21110128
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In order to explore the change law of void characteristics of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures under freeze-thaw and reveal the evolution behavior of voids in the mixture, based on industrial CT and digital image processing technology, the air voids, void volume (Volume3d), equivalent diameter (EqDiameter), shape factor (Shape-3d) and other parameters were studied on dry and vacuum saturated specimens of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures subjected to 0, 10, 20 freeze-thaw cycles. The results show that the air voids of dry and vacuum saturated specimens increases, and the increase range of air voids of water saturated specimens is significantly higher than that of dry specimens after freeze-thaw cycle. The volume and quantity of voids in dry specimens increase with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, indicating that the dry specimens are mainly characterized by the generation of new voids and void expansion, and voids connection is less under freeze-thaw cycles. The number of small and medium voids in vacuum saturated specimens first increases and then decreases with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, while the average volume of voids and the number of large voids only increase with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, indicating that the voids of vacuum saturated specimens are mainly characterized by the gene-ration of new voids, voids expansion and voids connection under freeze-thaw cycles. The shape factors of voids change slightly, indicating that the regional shape of voids remains basically unchanged under freeze-thaw cycle. The freeze-thaw cycle changes the internal voids of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures, and the frost heaving force produced by water phase change significantly changes the voids, resulting in the aggravation of mixture damage.
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An Applicational Review on Scrap Tires Used in Road Engineering
YUE Hongya, BI Yufeng, XU Run, ZHANG Changyong, DING Tingting, LI Huaifeng, LIU Xiaowei, SONG Xiuguang
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22040129 -11. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22040129
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The production and the stockpiling of scrap tires have continued to increase in recent years. Such a vast amount of scrap tire not only occupies farmland but also causes environmental pollution problems. Hence, the ‘Black Pollution' caused by scrap tire has attracted much attention. Scrap tire is considered an ideal material for road construction due to its properties of light weight, high strength, and resistance to high temperature and corrosion, as well as coordinated utilization with other solid wastes. This paper presents a review of the literature on structure composition and mechanical and creep properties of scrap tire. The utilizations of scrap tire as road material in pavement, subgrade and foundation reinforcement are introduced. The working mechanism and the road performance of resource utilization technologies for scrap tires are summarized. Finally, the future development trend and key research directions of utilization technologies for scrap tire in road construction engineering are prospected.
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Study on Composition Design and Curing Mechanism of Curing Agent Based on Characteristics of Aeolian Sand
CHEN Xiao, LU Yalei, WANG Jiliang, DU Xinyu
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21110087 -8. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21110087
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The particles of aeolian sand are round, uniform and small, smooth surface, difficult to compact and it's weak cementation with curing agent, so it is difficult to cure and it's serious shrinkage. By studying the effects of slag size and admixing quantity of slag, modulus and alkali equivalent of alkali activator and SO
3
admixing quantity of curing agent on the strength and shrinkage of solidified aeolian sand, a special curing agent suitable for aeolian sand was developed, and its action mechanism was revealed by means of XRD, SEM, NMR and MIP. The results show that the strength of solidified aeolian sand can be significantly improved by adding ground slag, introducing alkali excitation system and increasing the admixing quantity of SO
3
, and its drying shrinkage can be reduced. Compared with ordinary P.O42.5 water mud, the 28 d unconfined compressive strength can be increased by 73.8%, while the 28 d drying shrinkage strain decreased by 40.8%. The micro test results show that the curing mechanism of the special curing agent for aeolian sand is that the pores between aeolian sand are filled with ground slag powder to improve the pore structure of solidified aeolian sand and that the cement alkali excitation system is adopted to enhance the cementitious performance of curing agent and improves the interface between the curing agent and aeolian sand and that SO
3
is introduced to promote the formation of AFt crystal and fills the internal pores of solidified aeolian sand to compensate for shrinkage.
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Influence and Mechanism of Aging on the Rheological Properties of Recycled Asphalt Binders with Waste Engine Oil
LIU Fang, WANG Qi, ZHANG Xiao, PENG Yijun, LIU Xiaodong
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):22040405 -6. DOI:10.11896/cldb.22040405
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Asphalt recycling technology is widely applied in pavement engineering because of its advantages of reducing environmental pollution, saving resources and improving cost-effectiveness. Many studies focus on whether recycled asphalt can restore its initial performance, but pays less attention to the change of performance of recycled asphalt in the re-aging process. In this work, the thermal oxygen aging tests were carried out for the original asphalt, aged asphalt and waste engine oil recycled asphalt at different aging durations respectively. Then the rheological pro-perties, low-temperature crack resistance and chemical functional groups of the three kinds of asphalt at different aging times were compared and analyzed based on the frequency sweep test and Fourier infrared spectroscopy test, and the relationship between the variation of the perfor-mances and that of chemical functionas was investigated. It was found that the rheological property of recycled asphalt was similar to the original asphalt in the reaging process. The rheological property and cracking resistance of these two kinds of asphalt decreased faster in the earlier aging stage and slower in the later stage, and the decrease range of recycled asphalt was greater than the original asphalt. At the initial stage of aging, the difference of cracking resistance between recycled asphalt and original asphalt was small. With the increase of the aging time, the difference between the two kinds of asphalt increased, and the cracking resistance of recycled asphalt was close to the aged asphalt gradually. The rheolo-gical property and cracking resistance of aged asphalt decreased slowly all the aging time; the carbonyl index of the recycled asphalt and original asphalt increased rapidly at first and then slowly with the increase of aging time, but the differences of carbonyl index between the two kinds of asphalt increased with the increase of aging time. And the carbonyl index of the aged asphalt increased approximately linearly with the increase of aging time. There were good correlations between
G
-
R
constant and carbonyl index of these three kinds of asphalt at different aging time, but the correlations were asphalt types dependent. The correlations were also different at different aging conditions. The results show that after the volatilization and oxidation of the regenerant of recycled asphalt during the re-aging process, the aging degree of recycled asphalt was gra-dually close to the aged asphalt, and the advantages of rheological properties and cracking resistance of recycled asphalt were no longer reflected.
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Comprehensive Performance Evaluation and Modification Mechanism of Various Wet Rubber Modified Asphalt
YAO Zhen, ZHANG Lingbo, LIANG Pengfei, WANG Shifeng, YAN Chuanqi
Materials Reports
2022,36(16 ):21120124 -7. DOI:10.11896/cldb.21120124
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This work aimed to comprehensively evaluate the high-temperature anti rutting, medium-temperature anti fatigue, low-temperature anti cracking and flow-construction performances of these three kinds of rubber modified asphalts, conventional crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA), Terminal Blend rubber asphalt (TBRA) and desulfurized rubber asphalt (DRA), and discussed their modification mechanism from the perspective of chemical functional groups and rheological properties. Using rutting factor, zero-shear viscosity and irrecoverable compliance, the high-tempe-rature performance of asphalts was evaluated from the perspectives of viscosity and elasticity; the time sweep test and linear amplitude sweep test were conducted to evaluate the fatigue resistance of asphalts at medium temperature; the low-temperature bending rheometer test and 135 ℃ Brookfield viscosity test were used to evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance and construction workability of asphalts; finally, based on the modulus-temperature sweep test, Arrhenius model fitting and infrared spectroscopy test, the modification mechanism of different rubber asphalts was studied from the perspective of rheology and chemistry. The results show that the rubber molecules in CRMA have the most obvious agglo-meration, which translates to the best elasticity and mechanical properties, but also the largest viscosity. CRMA exhibits an obvious rubbery platform and non-Newtonian fluid behavior at high temperatures. The rubber particles in TBRA have the highest degradation rate, the rubber molecules are completely miscible with the asphalt molecules, and thus the viscosity is close to that of the base asphalt. The degree of degradation of the DRA is between the two, and the modification effect is more balanced. DRA is a promising means of recycling solid waste of waste tires.
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Solid Waste and Ecological Materials: Low carbon and ecological pavement materials
