| INORGANIC MATERIALS AND CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES |
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| Research Progress on Phase Boundary of KNN-based Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
| HE Gengchao1,2, HUANG Yanfei2, XING Zhiguo2, ZHOU Longlong2,3, LYU Zhenlin1, JIA Lei1,*, GUO Weiling2,*
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1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Armored Force Institute, Beijing 100072, China
3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China |
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Abstract Piezoelectric ceramics are important functional materials to realize the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy. Lead-based piezoelectric ceramics represented by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are currently widely used in many commercial high-tech electronic products such as sensors, actuators and transducers due to their excellent comprehensive electrical properties. However, the toxicity and volatility of metal lead will cause great damage to the ecological environment. In recent years, many countries have legislated to restrict the use of lead-containing electronic products. Therefore, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics has become the research focus of domestic and foreign scholars.
In various lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are considered as one of the ideal materials to replace lead-based piezoelectric ceramics due to their excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties and high Curie tempe-rature. Over the years, researchers have constructed multiphase coexistence phase boundaries such as quasi-homotypic phase boundaries (MPB) or polycrystalline phase boundaries (PPB) of KNN-based ceramics at room temperature by adjusting the K/Na ratio, ion doping, and adding new group components. Under the multiphase coexistence phase boundary, the potential barriers of each direction are lower, the polarization direction increases, and the electric domain is easily reversed, so that the ceramic has a high piezoelectric effect. At present, the piezoelectric performance of KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics exceeds that of some lead-based piezoelectric ceramics by constructing nanoscale tripartite (R)-orthogonal (O)-tetragonal (T) coexisting phase boundaries. The ultra-high piezoelectric performance comes from the construction of novel phase boundaries (NPBs).
Combined with relevant literature in recent years, this paper takes the phase boundary as the starting point, and summarizes the latest research progress of MPB, PPB and NPB in KNN-based lead-free ceramics at home and abroad; the latest reports in the literature related to the construction of phase boundaries and the regulation of piezoelectric properties by the composition and grain size of ceramic systems are emphasized; the problems faced by KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in the direction of phase boundary research are analyzed and their prospects are prospected, which provides a reference for the development of high-performance lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.
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Published: 25 October 2023
Online: 2023-10-19
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| Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (52005511). |
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