核聚变堆用氚增殖剂材料及其制备技术的研究进展与发展趋势

doi:10.11896/cldb.19050070

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Abstract Fusion energy is the possible ultimate solution to the energy crisis. It has many advantages such as clean and safe. Tritium breeder material is one of the most important materials in fusion reactors, but it exists scarce in nature. How to prepare tritium by nuclear reaction and make it self-sustaining is one of the key technologies to be verified and one of three major issues in fusion engineering reactor. Tritium self-sustaining is achieved by the neutron,which product by the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, bombard lithium-containing tritium breeder materials.
Commonly used breeder materials include liquid lithium-containing metal and solid lithium-containing ceramics. At present, solid ceramic breeder is mainly considered in the design of demonstration reactor, which include lithium silicate (Li₄SiO₄), lithium titanate (Li₂TiO₃), lithium zirconate (Li₂ZrO₃), lithium oxide (Li₂O), etc. Li₄SiO₄ pebble was selected as tritium breeder material in the EU helium cooled pebble bed blanket and China helium cooled solid breeder test blanket module. According to past design experience, lithium silicate pebble is also preferred as tritium breeder material in China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). This review offered preparation method of tritium breeder — the lithium isotope separation, pebble forming process and phase purity control were reviewed. The differences and advantages of these methods were summarized and compared. It was found that the performance of tritium breeder pebble obtained by traditional preparation method was close. With the advancement of research on tritium breeder materials, the performance requirements become ever more stringent. It was not only needed mechanical properties and tritium production performance in fusion reactor, but also needs to pay attention to tritium release performance and safety.In addition, the traditional pebble bed structure has some defects, such as low loading density and fragile.On account of fragment pebble will block the channel for tritium release, and influence safety of fusion reactor, therefore, it is urgent to develop a new generation of advanced bree-ding materials with better structure and performance.
In this paper, the preparation method of traditional tritium breeder material was reviewed, and the reasons for developing a new type of breeder material pointed out. Finally, the comprehensive performance advantages of the new porous tritium breeders were emphatically expounded and the prospects of new porous tritium breeders were presented.

Key words： fusion reactor material tritium self-sustained solid tritium breeder integral porous structure

Published: 14 July 2020

CLC number:

TL349

Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

About author:: Hao Wang worked as assistant engineer and assistant researcher in State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research. His research has focused on preparation techno-logy and application of porous materials.
Guangzhong Li is professor of engineering of Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research. His research has focused on theory, technology development and application of multilayer composite membrane materials, nanoporous materials and porous metal materials. He received first prize of China Nonferrous Metal Industry Science and Technology Award and the second prize of Xi'an Science and Technology Progress.
Bo Liu received his Ph.D. degrees in material science and engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2008. From 2009, he worked at Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University. From October 2013 to September 2014, he was sent to Paris-Sud(National Center for Nanodevice Science) for research. His research has focused on preparation of nano-porous ultra-low dielectric constant (k) materials, microstructure and mechanical properties of nano-composite thin films, surface and interface induced phase transformation of nano-materials and so on.

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	WANG Hao
	LI Guangzhong
	GE Yuan
	LIU Bo
	LIN Liwei
	YANG Baojun
	LI Yaning
	JING Peng

Cite this article:

WANG Hao,LI Guangzhong,GE Yuan, et al. Research Progress and Development Trend of Tritium Breeder Materials Preparation Technology for Fusion Reactors[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(15): 15075-15082.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.19050070 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2020/V34/I15/15075

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