Research Status and Prospect of Manufacturing Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Processing
XI Xiaopeng1, 2, WANG Kuaishe1, 2, WANG Wen1, 2, PENG Pai1, 2, QIAO Ke1, 2, YU Liangliang1, 2
1 School of Metallurgy Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055; 2 State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055
Abstract: As one of the key materials for the development of modern engineering and high-tech fields, aluminum alloys are distinguished by the satisfactory characteristics such as low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness and good corrosion resistance. By adding reinforcement particles to the aluminum matrix, we can obtain the composites which incorporate both the strength, toughness, formability of aluminum alloy, and high strength, high elastic modulus of reinforcement particles, and thus have in recent years imparted enormous application potential to these aluminum matrix composites. Currently, the prevailing methods for preparing aluminum matrix composites are powder metallurgy, casting and ultrasonication, etc. However, due to the high temperature during materials processing by those common methods, reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are prone to react at the interface of the two phases. This will, in consequence, attenuate the interface bonding and cause properties deterioration. Friction stir processing (FSP), a new type of solid phase processing technology, can achieve synchronously microstructures refinement, densification and homogenization. At present, the FSP direct method has found application to the preparation of aluminum matrix composites. The main procedure is: preliminarily place the reinforcement particles into the aluminum matrix through making blind holes or grooves; and then, conduct FSP, so that high density particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can be obtained. Due to the low temperature during FSP, there occurs no interface reaction between the particles and the aluminum matrix, therefore FSP is also used to fabricate the aluminum matrix functional composites with shape memory effect (SME). Recent studies have shown that the reinforcement particles contribute considerably to grain refinement of FSP aluminum matrix composites, which is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, microhardness and fatigue strength. It can be concluded that mechanical properties of the FSP particles-reinforced Al composites generally rise with the increa-sing particle content and the diminishing grain size. Moreover, smaller particles size is conducive to stronger reinforcement-matrix interfacial bonding. On the other hand, the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in Al matrix has been realized by optimizing structure, shape and size of the stirring head, and FSP technological parameters. In view of the advantages of FSP direct method, i.e. short process, high efficiency and clean reinforcement-matrix interface, this paper renders a vivid description about the current research status of fabricating particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites by FSP direct method. We mainly summarizes the effects of particle content, type and size on microstructure and mechanical properties of FSP-fabricated particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, and elaborate some noteworthy issues, including distribution uniformity of reinforcement particles and reinforcement-matrix interface. Finally, the paper ends with a critical and prospective discussion over the shortcomings in the current studies and the future research directions.
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2018, Vol. 32 
