A State-of-the-art Review on Yield Point Elongation Phenomenon of Low Carbon Steel
WANG Bilei1, LI Yongcan2, SONG Changjiang1
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, Schoolof Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072; 2 Research Institute of ColdRolled Products, Baoshan Iron&steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900
Abstract: Low carbon steel is usually used for household appliance and automotive panel steel thanks to its excellent plasticity. Nevertheless, low carbon steel has encountered serious quality problem, namely the yield point elongation (YPE) phenomenon, in its application, since the high-energy consumption and low-efficiency batch annealing process was replaced by energy-saving and efficient continuous annealing process in low carbon steel industrial production.YPE refers to the wrinkles caused by uneven plastic deformation on the surface of the steel plate after artificial aging or long time natural aging, also known as the Lüders band, which causes severe damage to the surface quality and performance of the steel plate. Factors like carbon and nitrogen content, grain size, alloying elements, process parameters and strain can affect the formation of YPE. The phenomenon of YPE could be reduced or eliminated by choosing appropriate composition and process parameters on condition that the microscopic mechanism of YPE is clear and definite. It is generally recognized that YPE is usually associated with the segregation of interstitial atoms (carbon and nitrogen atoms). Classical theory suggests that YPE is attributed to the segregation of interstitial atoms around the dislocations within the crystal (also known as Cottrell atmosphere).The pinning and unpinning of dislocations caused by the Cottrell atmosphere lead to the YPE pheno-menon. While some researchers believe that YPE is related to the segregation of interstitial atoms on the grain boundaries. The other researchers hold the opinion that YPE is resulted from the both. Therefore, the dispute in formation mechanism for YPE lies in the segregation position of interstitial atoms. In order to effectively eliminate the damage caused by the phenomenon of YPE, in recent years, some researchers have studied the distribution of interstitial atoms and the micro-mechanism of YPE, aiming to explore the segregation position of interstitial atoms during the occurrence of YPE. Besides, researchers have also studied the micro-mechanical behavior of YPE. Advanced methods including internal friction, 3DAP and focused ion beam (FIB) have been introduced into the research of micro-mechanism of YPE, and realized the characterization of the content of elements in matrix, grain boundary and dislocations, which contribute to the verification of the formation mechanism for YPE. Nano-indentation techniques and scanning electron microscopy in-situ tensile techniques can be adopted to explore the micro-deformation mechanism of the YPE. It is worth mentioning that the phenomenon of pop-in at the grain boundary in the load-displacement curve obtained through nano-indentation technique has been confirmed to be related to YPE, which negates the earlier view that the initial pop-in phenomenon is related to YPE. In this article, the factors affect YPE and the micro-mechanism of YPE in low carbon steel are summarized. Meanwhile, several research techniques applied in YPE study are introduced in detail. We hope that this review can provide some clues for the eliminate of YPE in industrial production of low carbon steel, which is of great significance in reducing production cost and improving the surface quality of mild carbon steel.
王必磊, 李永灿, 宋长江. 关于低碳钢屈服延伸现象的研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(15): 2659-2665.
WANG Bilei, LI Yongcan, SONG Changjiang. A State-of-the-art Review on Yield Point Elongation Phenomenon of Low Carbon Steel. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(15): 2659-2665.
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