Influence of Impurity Elements on Si-phase Nucleation in Al-Si Alloy
AO Xiaohui1, XING Shuming1, LI Shaoqian1, HAN Qingyou2, WANG Rufen3
1 School of Mechanical Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044; 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA 47907; 3 Tianjin Lizhong Alloy Group Co.,Ltd., Tianjin 300457
Abstract: The properties of Al-Si alloys strongly depend on size and morphology of Si phase. How to significantly elevate Si phase nucleation rate and refine primary Si by increasing the number of effective nucleation sites for Si phase without weakening refinement and modification effects of the eutectic Si, has become the key issue to the performance improvement of Al-Si alloys. Adding appropriate amount of alloying elements and trace elements is a major route to adjusting the nucleation rate of Si phase. Under the premise of not affecting the requirements of main alloying elements, the eutectic Si can be considerably refined by adding a modifier or refiner, in combination with an impurity removal technique and a casting process. However, there has been no consensus about the influence of impurity elements in scrap aluminum on the nucleation rate of Si phase and its action mechanism, which is a hotspot and obstacle for the research of Al-Si alloys production through aluminum scrap regeneration and casting. The advantages of wide source of raw materials, renewability and favorable energy saving effect have made aluminum scrap regeneration a promising technique for producing cast aluminum alloy. However, since the waste raw materials contain a rich variety of impurity elements and these elements’ interaction upon the Si phase in Al-Si alloys is uncertain, it is difficult to formulate the corresponding technological measures simultaneously refine eutectic silicon and primary Si phase. Previous works have confirmed that AlP is the main site for Si nucleation and the β-Fe phase is the secondary site, and that oxide film can promote the formation of both two phases. Therefore, apart from in-depth mechanism study over the common elements in recent years, the dual-phase and multi-phase interaction principles also have drawn wide attention. On the basis of thoroughly studying the structures of AlP, β-Fe phase and oxide film which serve as Si phase nucleation site, impressive achievements have been made in the research on some dual-phase interactions such as P-X, Fe-X and Ca-X. The elements Sr, Ca, B, and Mg reduce the nucleation rate of the Si phase generally by deactivating AlP, β-Fe or reacting with AlP to form more stable compounds. When there are three or more impurity elements that affect the nucleation rate of eutectic silicon through direct or indirect interaction at the same time, the action mechanism and effect will be more complicated. It can be mainly manifested as that the exclusive existence of either of the two impurity elements promotes the action of the third element, while their coexistence causes inter-element reaction that weakens the enhancement effect of the third element. This paper makes a summary for the Si-phase nucleation sites of Al-Si alloy in solidification process, an elaborate description for the mechanism of the common impurity elements on Si nucleation substrates, as well as some new suggestions with respect to further exploring and ascertaining the interaction of impurity elements for the sake of inhibiting harmful effects of impurity elements and achieving full potential of beneficial trace elements.
敖晓辉, 邢书明, 李少乾, 韩青友, 王如芬. 杂质元素对铝硅合金Si相形核影响的探讨[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(15): 2647-2652.
AO Xiaohui, XING Shuming, LI Shaoqian, HAN Qingyou, WANG Rufen. Influence of Impurity Elements on Si-phase Nucleation in Al-Si Alloy. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(15): 2647-2652.
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2018, Vol. 32 
