Preparation of Calcium Based Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics Using Ferrochrome Slag and Its Utilization on Immobilization of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+
LIU Shouqing1,2, HAO Xutao3, ZHOU Xintao3, JIA Qingming3
1 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500; 2 Faculty of Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224; 3 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500
Abstract: Calcium based chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) were prepared through the reaction between calcium oxide-rich ferrochrome slag (FS) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P), and the prepared CBPCs was used to solidify/stabilize the heavy metal ions such as Pb2+,Cd2+,Cu2+. The influences of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate-to-ferrochrome slag (P/FS) molar ratio, the dosage of the retarders (borax) and the addition of heavy metals on the initial setting time and compressive strength of cementing material were investigated. It was showed that the CBPCs with best performance could be prepared when P/FS was 1/4 and the dosage of borax is 2%, and the compressive strength of the CBPCs reached 25.65 MPa and 36.86 MPa by curing at room temperature for 28 d and curing at hydrothermal condition for 24 h, respectively. The compressive strength of the CBPCs decreased with the addition of heavy metals, and when the dosage of the heavy metal was up to 3%, the compressive strength of the samples were greater than 10 MPa by curing at room temperature for 28 d and hydrothermal condition for 24 h, which could all meet the standard of the building materials. The leachability of heavy metals including Pb2+,Cd2+,Cu2+ was determined by toxicity characte-ristic leaching procedure. The results showed that the CBPCs could efficiently solidify/stabilize the heavy metals, and the concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate were all far lower than the national standard (5 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 100 mg/L). The solidified forms were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the mechanism of heavy metal immobilization by CBPCs, which included the chemically incorporation, physical adsorption and inclusion.
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2017, Vol. 31 
